Special Contribution

• LI Jun,DENG Rongrong,DUAN Yuexing,HUANG Jingxiang and LU Zhaoming
• Research on Model Establishment and Parameter Identification Method of Automotive Rubber Bushing

• 2026 Vol. 73(5): 0323-0334

  [Abstract](156)

  [PDF](34)

• Abstract:A hybrid strategy for predicting the dynamic stiffness of automotive rubber bushing（referred to as the rubber bushing） was proposed，and the model establishment and parameter identification method of the rubber bushing were studied.Firstly，a parameterized model consisting of elastic elements，friction elements and high-order fractional derivative viscoelastic elements in parallel was proposed to describe the amplitude-frequency correlation of the stiffness of the rubber bushing.Then a finite element model of the rubber bushing was constructed，and axial static tests were designed to verify the effectiveness of the finite element model.The nonlinear mechanical characteristics of the rubber bushing under static and dynamic simulation conditions were analyzed，and a parameter identification method based on adaptive chaos particle swarm optimization algorithm was proposed to predict the stiffness of the rubber bushing，taking into account the characteristics of multiple parameters and strong nonlinearity in the viscoelastic model.By comparing and analyzing the results of the stiffnesses of the parameter model and finite element model of the rubber bushing，it was found that the parameter model could correctly predict the amplitude-frequency correlation of the static and dynamic stiffnesses of the rubber bushing.

Applied Theory

• XIU Zhilun,GAO Zhenliang,ZHANG Baogang and LIU　Li
• Effect of Different Flame Retardants on Flame Retardant Properties of SBR/BR Blends

• 2026 Vol. 73(5): 0335-0343

  [Abstract](108)

  [PDF](67)

• Abstract:A novel organophosphorus flame retardant MOPO was synthesized using 4，4′-methylenebis （2-chloroaniline） （MOCA） and 9，10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide（DOPO），and the influence of different flame retardants on the flame retardant properties of styrene-butadiene rubber （SBR）/cis-polybutadiene rubber（BR） blends was investigated.The results showed that，the vulcanization rate of the blend with flame retardant MOPO and ammonium polyphosphate slowed down.The limiting oxygen index of the blends with flame retardant decabromodiphenyl ethane and magnesium hydroxide significantly increased，and the flame retardant properties was improved.The flame retardant effect of flame retardant decabromodiphenyl ethane，MOPO，ammonium polyphosphate decreased in order.The thermal decomposition of flame retardant MOPO generated phosphorus oxygen free radicals，which reacted with combustible molecules to form stable acidic compounds containing phosphorus.These compounds had the ability to absorb heat and could slow down the spread of the flames，flame retardant MOPO was mainly based solid-phase flame retardancy.

Material · Compounding

• LI Xuesong,LI Hongqiang,LAI Xuejun,LIU Yunchun,FANG Yuesheng and ZENG Xingrong
• Study on Properties of High-Temperature Resistant HNBR/ZDMA-HNBR Blends

• 2026 Vol. 73(5): 0344-0349

  [Abstract](176)

  [PDF](48)

• Abstract:Hydrogenated nitrile rubber（HNBR）and zinc dimethacrylate modified HNBR（ZDMA-HNBR） were used to prepare HNBR/ZDMA-HNBR blends.The crosslinking network structures and morphological structures of HNBR/ZDMA-HNBR blends were characterized using the equilibrium swelling method and scanning electron microscopy，and effects of ZDMA-HNBR amount on the vulcanization characteristics，mechanical properties and oil resistance of HNBR/ZDMA-HNBR blends were studied.The results showed that，compared with HNBR compound，HNBR/ZDMA-HNBR blend formed more ionic crosslinking networks，and increased total crosslinking density.ZDMA-HNBR was uniformly dispersed in HNBR，and effectively improved the high-temperature（130 ℃） mechanical properties and oil resistance of the blend.When ZDMA-HNBR amount was 30 phr，the high-temperature tensile strength of HNBR/ZDMA-HNBR blend reached 14.1 MPa，which was 42.4% higher than that of HNBR compound. After immersion in IRM 903 oil（23 ℃×168 h），the high-temperature tensile strength of HNBR/ZDMA-HNBR blend still reached 13.0 MPa，which was 49.4% higher than that of HNBR compound.

• YU Cheng,WANG Xin,WEI Guoan,BAI Zhiming,NING Haiqi and SUN Jutao
• Effects of Filler Blending on High-Frequency Damping Performance of Rubber Materials

• 2026 Vol. 73(5): 0350-0355

  [Abstract](158)

  [PDF](23)

• Abstract:Replacing part of carbon black with graphene and silica，the effects of filler blending on the physical properties，compression set，wear resistance and dynamic/static stiffness ratio of high-frequency damping rubber materials[natural rubber（NR）/butadiene rubber（BR）（blending ratio of 70/30） vulcanizates] were studied.The results showed that graphene was used to replace partial carbon black N774，the tensile strength of NR/BR vulcanizate was increased，and the dynamic/static stiffness ratio was decreased.When the carbon black N774/graphene blending ratio was 20/1.5，the physical properties of the vulcanizate were good，and the dynamic/static stiffness ratio was the lowest.Based on a carbon black N774/graphene blending ratio of 20/1.5，10 phr silica was used to replace equal parts of carbon black N774，the compression set and dynamic/static stiffness ratio of NR/BR vulcanizate with carbon black N774/graphene/silica blending ratio of 10/1.5/10 were the lowest，and the wear resistance was good.

• HAO Xinling and SUN Chong
• Study on Damping Properties of High Styrene Rubber，NR and SBR Composites

• 2026 Vol. 73(5): 0356-0360

  [Abstract](200)

  [PDF](22)

• Abstract:The damping properties and physical properties of natural rubber（NR）/styrene-butadiene rubber（SBR）/high styrene rubber HS60（abbreviated as HS60） and SBR/HS60 composites were studied.The results showed that，HS60 could effectively improve the damping properties of the composites at high temperature range，and increase the hardness and stress at a given elongation of the composites as a reinforcing phase instead of carbon black.HS60 exhibited poor compatibility with NR but good compatibility with SBR，with the increase of HS60 amount，the tensile strength and tear strength of the SBR/HS60 composite were improved.When SBR/HS60 blending ratio was 60/40，the effective damping temperature range of SBR/HS60 composite was expanded to －11 to 94 ℃，meeting the requirements of damping rubber materials.

• TANG Danning,LI Kunhui,WANG Jia,LIU Jiwen and SUN Chong
• Properties of NR Compounds Filled with Pyrolytic Carbon Black/Carbon Black N330 Blends

• 2026 Vol. 73(5): 0361-0366

  [Abstract](146)

  [PDF](22)

• Abstract:The effects of pyrolysis carbon black（CBp）/carbon black N330 blend on the properties of natural rubber（NR） compounds were studied.The results showed that with the increase of the addition level of CBp，the Fmax－FL of the compound decreased，which meaned the cross-linking degree decreased，but CBp could promote the vulcanization of NR compound.Compared with CBp，carbon black N330 had a smaller particle size and uniform distribution in NR matrix，with better dispersion.As the addition level of carbon black N330 increased，the cross-linking density of NR vulcanizate decreased，the Shore A hardness，tensile stress at a given elogation and tensile strength decreased，and the wear resistance deteriorated.

• PAN Chaofan,LI Rongxun and LI Chaoqin
• Effect of Naphthenic Oil on Properties of C ₅Petroleum Resin/BIIR Composites

• 2026 Vol. 73(5): 0367-0373

  [Abstract](104)

  [PDF](17)

• Abstract:Using bromobutyl rubber（BIIR） compounds as comparative objects，the effect of naphthenic oil amounts on the properties of C ₅petroleum resin/BIIR composites was studied.The results revealed that，with the increase of naphthenic oil amount，the Mooney viscosity andF_max-F_Lof BIIR compound and C₅ petroleum resin/BIIR composites decreased，the t₁₀t₉₀ first prolonged and then shortened，the Payne effect was weakened，the Shore A hardness and tensile strength decreased，the elongation at break and rebound value increased，the compression set first increased and then decreased，the effective damping temperature range moved towards lower temperature direction，the peak of loss factor （tanδ_max ） increased.When naphthenic oil amount was the same，compared with BIIR compound，the Mooney viscosity and F_max-F_L of the C₅petroleum resin/BIIR composite decreased，the t₁₀ and t₉₀ prolonged，the Payne effect was weakened，the Shore A hardness and rebound value decreased，the elongation at break increased，the effective damping temperture range was expanded and moved towards high temperture direction.

Product · Design

• HU Yuan,QIU Xinxin,JIN Qi,MA Pengzhi,LIU Lu,HAN Songliang,KONG Delu and ZHOU Yanyan
• Theoretical Analysis and Application of Profile Design Theory for All-steel Radial Tires

• 2026 Vol. 73(5): 0374-0378

  [Abstract](177)

  [PDF](37)

• Abstract:Based on the analysis of existing profile design theory for all-steel radial tire，as well as using the carcass profile length as an intermediate variable，establishing a connection between the profile and the unbalanced profile theory for all-steel radial tire without belt，and by a refined pressure sharing rate model obtained from simulations and a nonlinear equation system solved through iterative methods，the effective width of belt and the corresponding profile of all-steel radial tire were calculated.Taking 385/65R22.5 and 12R22.5 all-steel radial tires as examples，the profile design theory was applied to improve the durability and wear resistance design of tires.The results of the finished tires performance test showed that the profile design theory could effectively guide the design and improvement of all-steel radial tire.

Technology · Equipment

• wangliye,liqiang,yangxinyun,chenbo,shenjuan and luqi
• Study on Vulcanization of UAV Small-Sized Aviation Tire on Large Vulcanization Press

• 2026 Vol. 73(5): 0379-0384

  [Abstract](116)

  [PDF](29)

• Abstract:The vulcanization of the unmanned aerial vehicle（UAV） small-sized aviation tire on large vulcanization press was studied.By analyzing the vulcanization matching issues between existing 1 397～ 1 651 mm（55～65 inch） steam pot capsule vulcanization press and the vulcanization of UAV small-sized aviation tire，a specialized small center mechanism for large vulcanization press was designed.Additionally，the vulcanization mold and capsule fixture were adapted and improved to address difficult points such as poor internal pressure hot water circulation within the capsules.Furthermore，a dedicated high-strength post-vulcanization inflation device was designed.Practical application and validation have demonstrated that the vulcanization of UAV small-sized aviation tire on large vulcanization press was feasible，and this was great significance for tire manufacturers to develope and produce UAV small-sized aviation tires with low output without purchasing specialized small-scale vulcanization equipment.

Testing · Analysis

• LI Miaomiao,ZHOU Zhenglong,LI Fanxuan,ZHU Rupeng,XU Yufeng and DU Huadong
• Study on Dynamic Characteristics of Rubber Gasket for Air-cooled Refrigerator Compressor

• 2026 Vol. 73(5): 0385-0392

  [Abstract](139)

  [PDF](24)

• Abstract:The constitutive model of rubber material of the rubber gasket for air-cooled refrigerator compressor was established，the dynamic characteristic simulation analysis method for the rubber gasket was investigateed，and the dynamic characteristic simulation analysis of three types（type A，B and C）of rubber gaskets was conducted.The dynamic characteristic simulation analysis and experimental verification of the rubber gasket for air-cooled refrigerator compressor indicateed that the absolute error between the simulated and experimental values of the dynamic stiffness and damping coefficient of type A rubber gasket was around 10%，indicating high accuracy of the dynamic characteristic simulation analysis method.The dynamic characteristic simulation analysis results of the three types of rubber gaskets showed that type B rubber gasket had the best vibration reduction effect on the base plate and shell of the air-cooled refrigerator，followed by type C rubber gasket，and type A rubber gasket performed the worst.

Comprehensive and Special Review

• MA Shengtao and KE Jun
• Fiber Fabric Reinforced Rubber Materials and Their Applications Analysis

• 2026 Vol. 73(5): 0393-0399

  [Abstract](157)

  [PDF](33)

• Abstract:Fiber fabric（hereinafter referred to as fabric） reinforced rubber materials were introduced and their applications were analyzed.The types of reinforcing fabric fibers，the structural types of fabrics and the performance characteristics of common rubber materials were briefly summarized，so as to provide a theoretical basis for the design and preparation of fabric reinforced rubber materials.In view of the applications of fabric reinforced rubber materials，taking air springs as an example，the influences of the fabric structural parameters of rubber airbags on the properties of finished products were analyzed.