Special and Comprehensive Review

• ZHAO Jianming,LU Tian,LI Minjie and LU Wencong
• Application of Machine Learning in Tire Formula Design

• 2025 Vol. 45(9): 0515-0518

  [Abstract](34)

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• Abstract:The application of machine learning in tire formula design was explored.The results indicated that data mining methods could be used to optimize individual performance in formula design，and an additional classification indicator could be added to control other key indicators，thereby achieving the goal of performance optimization.The clustering principle could be used for formula optimization，but this principle only represented a high probability of achieving good performance，and not all selected optimization points were necessarily good.

Structure Design

• MA Pengzhi,CHEN Chen,JIN Qi,KONG Delu,HAN Songliang and JIANG Yi
• Design of 245/70R17.5 HF252 Low Flat All-steel Truck and Bus Radial Tire for Trailer

• 2025 Vol. 45(9): 0519-0523

  [Abstract](23)

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• Abstract:The design of 245/70R17.5 HF252 low flat all-steel truck and bus radial tire for trailer was introduced.In the structure design，the following parameters were taken：overall diameter　783 mm，cross-sectional width　244 mm，width of running surface　218 mm，arc height of running surface　7.5 mm，bead diameter at rim seat　444.5 mm，bead width at rim seat　190.5 mm，maximum width position of cross-section（H₁/H₂）　1.045，pattern depth　13.5 mm，block/total ratio　82.6% and number of pattern pitches　69.In the construction design，the following parameters were taken：the tread adopted composite design of tread compound，base compound and transition layer compound，using 3×0.24＋9×0.225ST steel cord for carcass，using 4 layers of belts，using 3×0.20＋6×0.35ST steel cord for 1^#—3^# belts，using 5×0.35HI steel cord for 4^# belt，and using one-time building machine to build tires and the hot plate press to cure tires.The test results of the finished tire showed that the inflated perpheral dimension，contact print，strength，durability，service life and wear resistance of the tire all met the requirements of national or enterprise standards and design.

• FAN Xuefeng,CAI Lichao and LI Xiangjun
• Structure Design Optimization of Belt of 18.00R33 Industrial Tire

• 2025 Vol. 45(9): 0524-0527

  [Abstract](28)

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• Abstract:The belt structure of 18.00R33 industrial tire was optimal designed by using finite element analysis.According to the finite element analysis results，the optimized design scheme for the belt was determined as follows：adjusting the degree of belt bending，the thickness of the belt layer clamp was 6 mm，and the width of the3^#belt layer was 15 mm.The durability performance of the tire shoulder was greatly improved by the optimized scheme.

Material·Compounding

• FU Yuqiang
• Application of Ultrafine Rubber Powder in All-steel Truck and Bus Radial Tire

• 2025 Vol. 45(9): 0528-0532

  [Abstract](23)

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• Abstract:The application of ultrafine rubber powder in the tread compound and sidewall compound of all-steel truck and bus radial tire was studied.The results showed that adding 15 phr ultrafine rubber powder to the tread compound and sidewall compound，the properties of the compounds met the requirements of all-steel truck and bus radial tires，not only reducing tire production cost，but also expanding the reuse of recyclable resources，which was beneficial for environmental protection.

• Yin Zhenfang,Li Hongwei,Yu Lei,Yang Jinghui and Zhu Jianyang
• Application of Inorganic Reinforcing Agent RC-15 in Transition Layer Compound of Steel-belted Radial Tire

• 2025 Vol. 45(9): 0532-0535

  [Abstract](22)

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• Abstract:The application of inorganic reinforcing agent RC-15 in transition layer compound of steel-belted radial tire was studied.The results showed that replacing 10 phr carbon black N660 with 20 phr inorganic reinforcing agent RC-15 in the transition layer compound，the curing rate of the compound was slowed，the hardness，tensile strength，elongation at break，tear strength and rebound value of the vulcanizate changed little，and the aging resistance was improved.The high speed performance and durability of the finished tires met the requirements of relevant national standards，and the production cost was reduced.

• CHENG Ru,ZHAI Deming,LIU Xiaoyu and LIU Yuwan
• Effect of Blending Ratio of Silane Coupling Agent Si69/Activator PEG4000 on Properties of Tread Compound of All-steel Truck and Bus Radial Tire

• 2025 Vol. 45(9): 0536-0539

  [Abstract](18)

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• Abstract:The effect of the blending ratio of silane coupling agent Si69/activator PEG4000 on the properties of tread compound of all-steel truck and bus radial tire was studied.The results showed that compared with carbon black tread compound，the rolling resistance and loss factor at 60 ℃ of high content silica tread compound were significantly reduced，and the wear resistance was comparable，comprehensive physical properties were improved.When the blending ratio of silane coupling agent Si69/activator PEG4000 was 5∶1，the overall properties of the compound were the best.

• GU Jinggen,DUAN Jianbin and WEN Delin
• Study on Protective Performance of Amine Antioxidants with Different Structures for Rubbers

• 2025 Vol. 45(9): 0540-0545

  [Abstract](19)

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• Abstract:The effects of six amine antioxidants with different structures，namely 77PD（4030），7PPD（4050），TMPPD，DTPD（3100），6PPD（4020）and IPPD（4010NA），on the vulcanization characteristics of rubber compounds and their protective effects on rubbers were studied.The results showed that different antioxidants had varying degrees of inhibitory effects on the aging of rubber compounds，the optimal protection time for different antioxidants at 100 ℃ was 24 h，the aging process accelerated between 24 and 48 h，and tended to be stable after 48 h.Antioxidant 4030 and antioxidant TMPPD had poor ozone resistance，antioxidant 4020 had good performance in terms of heat-oxygen aging resistance，ozone resistance and ultraviolet discoloration resistance; antioxidant 4010NA had poor ultraviolet aging resistance but good ozone aging resistance.

• HUANG Na,QU Binjian,QIAO Yuanmei,WANG Mingjie,WEI Chenglong,ZHAO Xiaoyan and YAN Bowen
• Influence of Carcass Skeleton Material on Performance of Run-flat Passenger Car Tire

• 2025 Vol. 45(9): 0546-0549

  [Abstract](19)

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• Abstract:Taking 255/50R19 107V tire as an example，the effect of using synthetic silk cord and polyester cords in the carcass on the performance of run-flat passenger car tire was studied，and the advantages and disadvantages of using synthetic silk cords in carcass of run-flat passenger car tire were explored.The results showed that compared with polyester cord tire，synthetic silk cord tire had reduced mass and rolling resistance，improved strength performance，high-speed performance，durability，handling performance and comfort，but slightly smaller footprint area，slightly higher average ground pressure and slightly poorer brake performance.

• GENG Zhao,JIAO Dongdong,WANG Jun,WANG Zhen,WEI Chenglong,XIANG Bingbing and GUO Qing
• Application of 1100dtex/2-25EPI Polyester Dipped Cord in Crown Layer of Steel-belted Radial Tire

• 2025 Vol. 45(9): 0550-0553

  [Abstract](28)

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• Abstract:The application of 1100dtex/2-25EPI polyester dipped cord in the crown layer of steel-belted radial tire was studied.The results showed that compared with 930dtex/2-28EPI nylon 66 cord，the breaking strength of 1100dtex/2-25EPI polyester dipped cord increased，the H pull-out force was comparable and the dimensional stability was better.Using 1100dtex/2-25EPI polyester dipped cord instead of 930dtex/2-28EPI nylon 66 cord in the crown layer of 205/55R16 91V tire and 185/65R15 88H tire，the high-speed performance of the finished tires was improved，the rolling resistance was reduced，the other indoor and outdoor performance were basically equivalent.

• LIU Huiying,JIANG Bin,WANG Yan,LIU Yongqiang and LI Chongbing
• Development of Tread Compound Formula of All-weather Tire with High Wet-Skid resistance and Low Rolling Resistance

• 2025 Vol. 45(9): 0554-0558

  [Abstract](26)

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• Abstract:The tread compound formula of all-weather tire with high wet-skid resistance and low rolling resistance for light truck was developed.The results showed that，compared with the tire using the raw rubber system tread compound formula of non modified oil filled styrene butadiene rubber（SSBR） with high styryl content，low vinyl content and low glass transition temperature（T_g），the wet skid resistance of the tire using the raw rubber system tread compound formula of modified SSBR with low styryl content，high vinyl content and high T_g was better，the wear resistance was slightly poorer，and the production cost was lower.The wet-skid level of the test tire was A，the rolling resistance level was B，the noise level was B，the three-peak mountain snow flake mark certified by 3PMSF was obtained，the high-speed performance and durability met the requirements of enterprise standards，the wear resistance of actual vehicle test were better.

Technology · Equipment

• ZHANG Hao
• Influence of Calibration for Four Drum Tire Building Machine on Tire Quality

• 2025 Vol. 45(9): 0559-0562

  [Abstract](27)

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• Abstract:The basic structure and working principle of the tire building machine were analyzed，the key factors affecting the accuracy of the building machine were determined，the advantages and disadvantages of existing calibration methods were explored，an improved calibration plan was proposed，and the effectiveness and feasibility of the improved calibration method were verified through experiments.The results indicated that measures such as adding reference plates and lines，regularly verifying parallelism，perpendicularity and concentricity could effectively improve the accuracy and stability of the building machine.In addition，using precision measuring instruments for mechanical adjustment could significantly improve the accuracy and stability of lamp positioning.

• CHEN Liping
• Research on Exhaust Design Method of Vucanization Mold for Truck and Bus Radial Tire

• 2025 Vol. 45(9): 0563-0567

  [Abstract](18)

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• Abstract:Through studying vent exhaust volume,according to each part of the compopent characteristics,find vent layout design method; according to operating principle of segments mold,design vent assemble angle on the each part;in the end,ensure that vent layout design is dffective by controlling its processing technic.By studying the exhaust volume of air holes and combining the structural characteristics of the upper and lower side plates and pattern segments of the vucanization mold for truck and bus radial tire，a design method for the arrangement of air holes on each component was proposed.Based on the working principle of the flexible mold，the installation angle of the air hole sleeve on each component was designed.After the implementation of the new exhaust design method，the processing technology of the air holes was strictly controlled，and the air hole sleeve was regularly maintained during usage，effectively solving the problems of rounded corner on the pattern，rubber lack on the sidewall and other defects，extending the service life of the air holes，reducing production and maintenance costs，and improving the first pass rate of tires.

• LIU Yong,YANG Zuowei,SUN Qi,WANG Dan and LI Haiyan
• Investigation on Improving Vulcanization Rubber Edge Problem of Tire

• 2025 Vol. 45(9): 0568-0572

  [Abstract](24)

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• Abstract:The causes for vulcanization rubber edge problem of tire were mainly analyzed from the perspective of molds，and the corresponding improvement measures were proposed.By taking the measures such as inspecting and repairing the various mating surfaces of the mold to remove high points and adhesives，removing the adhesive on the back of the pattern block and reassembling the mold to ensure even movement of the pattern block，reducing the overall diameter of the side panel appropriately，increasing the preload height and decreasing the clamping force appropriately，repairing the hot plate of the vulcanizing press，eliminating the debris or high points of collision at the connection between the upper side panel and the upper cover，replacing the severely worn wear-resistant plate of upper cover for closed mold and the matching cavity，and repairing guide rings，the first-time pass rate of mold installation was significantly increased，resulting in effective improvements in production efficiency and product quality.

Test·Analysis

• WANG Shengli,LI Chao,ZHANG Jiawei,YAN Wanlong and ZHAO Guozhan
• Research on Test Methods for Bead Durability of All-steel Truck and Bus Radial Tire

• 2025 Vol. 45(9): 0573-0575

  [Abstract](19)

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• Abstract:Four testing methods for the bead durability of all-steel truck and bus radial tire were introduced，and the indoor durabilities of tires were compared and analyzed by using one method of them.It was found that the high temperatures in the durability equipment chassises and the tires were the main reasons for the abnormal cumulative driving time of the tires.After implementing improvement measures，the bead durabilities of the tires met the requirements of the enterprise standards，and the accuracy，stability and consistency of the test data were good.

Domestic and Foreign News

• chumin
• 传感器阵列测试轮胎动态印痕轮廓及法向应力分布的方法

• 2025 Vol. 45(9): 0518-0518

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• chumin
• 基于加速度传感器的轮胎爆胎预警系统

• 2025 Vol. 45(9): 0518-0518

  [Abstract](10)

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• chumin
• 贵州轮胎越南工厂三期PCR首胎下线

• 2025 Vol. 45(9): 0523-0523

  [Abstract](9)

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• chumin
• 带有内胎和垫带的工程机械轮胎仿真分析方法

• 2025 Vol. 45(9): 0531-0531

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• chumin
• 5项轮胎翻新系列国家标准正式实施

• 2025 Vol. 45(9): 0535-0535

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• chumin
• 圣奥化学三款防老剂核心产品获得国际可持续发展与碳认证证书

• 2025 Vol. 45(9): 0545-0545

  [Abstract](7)

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• chumin
• 赛轮集团收购普利司通沈阳工厂

• 2025 Vol. 45(9): 0549-0549

  [Abstract](12)

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• Abstract: