特约来稿

• SHI Yifeng
• Analysis of Development of Chinese Tire Industry in 2024 and Prospects for 2025

• 2025 Vol. (5): 0259-0264

  [Abstract](239)

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• Abstract:The development situation of Chinese tire industry in 2024 was introduced，and the prospects for its development in 2025 were provided.In 2024，Chinese tire industry had operated steadily，and the overall performance of the three major markets of supporting，export and replacement was stable.The operation and profitability of the tire industry were relatively stable and resilient，but the growth rate was declining.Top domestic and foreign enterprises had strong market sensitivity and decisived adjustments to production capacity structure.The development of energy-saving，emission reducing and green manufacturing in the production and manufacturing end had made significant progress.Changes in green regulations and policies had raised market barriers.The development of new energy vehicles had promoted the improvement of tire comprehensive performance and added value，and more tire companies attached great importance to the deep and efficient combination of industry，academia，research and application.The main pain points and difficulties faced by tire enterprises in their development were the increasingly prominent impact of unreasonable production capacity structure，unsatisfactory product brand influence，added value and enterprise innovation capability，and problems that still needed to be solved in the process of policy advocacy and regulation and standard formulation and implementation.Looking ahead to 2025，the development of tires in China will be full of challenges and uncertainties in the international political and economic environment.The domestic economic environment will continue to maintain overall stability，and the growths of current value and sales revenue of tire production are expected to be greater than that of the output.Therefore，“the 15th Five-Year Development Plan” for the Tire Industry should be used as a starting point to summarize experience and plan for the future.

Special and Comprehensive Review

• PENG Jinyu,ZHU Xuezheng,GUAN Shengxin,HUANG Hanlin and DING Junjie
• Research on Key Technologies of Intelligent Perception Tire

• 2025 Vol. (5): 0265-0269

  [Abstract](97)

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• Abstract:The overview of background of intelligent perception of tires，the development process and comprehensive application of functional algorithms，and the micro power generation technology are introduced. Tires，as the only component of vehicles that come into contact with the road surface，will become intelligent perception components of vehicles in the future.By utilizing sensor perception and functional algorithms，the status information of tires can be obtained in real-time through Bluetooth，including load，wear, damage，stiffness，road conditions and mechanical status.Combined with the vehicle control system to adjust the tire status，a better driving experience can be obtained and driving safety can be improved.In addition，micro power generation technology is utilized to obtain vibration energy during tire operation through suspended magnet vibration，which can supply power to sensors and ensure high-frequency communication between sensors and vehicle systems.

Structure Design

• HU Kai
• Lightweight Design of 385/65R22.5 All-steel Truck and Bus Radial Tire

• 2025 Vol. (5): 0270-0273

  [Abstract](128)

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• Abstract:The lightweight design of 385/65R22.5 all-steel truck and bus radial tire was introduced.In the structure design，the following parameters were taken：overall diameter?1 065 mm，cross-section width?378 mm，width of running surface?288 mm，arc height of running surface?11.5 mm，bead diameter at rim seat?571 mm，bead width at rim seat?302 mm，maximum width position of cross-section（H??1/H??2）?1.03，using four variable-pitch zigzag patterns for tread，pattern depth?12 mm，block/total ratio?75%，and number of pattern pitches?59.In the construction design，the following parameters were taken：the tread was composed of tread compound and base compound，as well as transition compound design，using three layers of belt layers plus a 0° cap ply design，2＋7×0.30ST steel cord for 1# and 2# belts，5×0.35HI steel cord for 3# belt，3×7×0.20HE steel cord for 0° cap ply，0.17＋5×0.215＋10×0.235CCST steel cord for carcass，HT tempered bead wire for bead.The finished tire performance test results showed that the inflated peripheral dimension，strength and durability all met the requirements of corresponding design and national standards.

• TANG Zhuangxing,LI Minjun,ZHENG Tao,WANG Wei and CHE Zhenhua
• Design of 255/45R19 104W E-Controller Special Tire for New Energy Electric Vehicle

• 2025 Vol. (5): 0274-0278

  [Abstract](120)

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• Abstract:The design of 255/45R19 104W E-Controller special tire for new energy electric vehicle was described.In the structure design，the following parameters were taken：overall diameter　708 mm，cross-sectional width?258 mm，width of running surface　220 mm，arc height of running surface　10 mm，bead diameter at rim seat?485 mm，bead width at rim seat?235 mm，maximum width position of cross–section（ H₁/H₂ ）?1.033，using longitudinal drainage grooves with variable width and silent variable pitch design with different arrangements on the inner and outer sides for tread，pattern depth?7.4 mm，block/total ratio?70.11%，and number of pattern pitches?76（left side）/75（right side）.In the construction design，the following processes were taken：adopting a specific compound formula for new energy electric vehicle tire and electrostatic pre-mouth technology for tread，using 2＋2×0.30HT steel cord for 1^# and 2^# belt，and 2-layer 1200dtex/2-100 polyester cord for carcass，using one-stage building machine to build tire and a hydraulic vulcanizing press to curing tire.The results of finished tire performance test showed that，the inflated peripheral dimention，strength performance，durability，high speed performance，noise reduction performance and conductivity performance of the tire all met the design requirements.

• YANG Xiaoli and WANGXiaodong
• Design of 28L－26 26 PR LS-2 Tubeless Forestry Radial Tire

• 2025 Vol. (5): 0279-0281

  [Abstract](115)

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• Abstract:The design of 28L－26 26PR LS-2 tubeless forestry radial tire was introduced.In the structure design，the following parameters were taken：overall diameter?1 612 mm，cross-section width?696 mm，width of running surface?677 mm，bead diameter at rim seat?660 mm，bead width at rim seat?635 mm，maximum width position of cross-section（H?1/H?2）?0.63，with a transverse herringbone pattern design for tread，pattern depth?57 mm，block/total ratio?30%，and number of pattern pitches?16 sections.In the construction design，the following parameters were taken：using three-formula and four-piece structure for tread，12 layers of nylon 66 cord for carcass，0.37＋6×0.32ST steel cord for breaker ply，capsule reverse package building machine to build tire，and bladder curing press to cure tire.The test results of finished tires showed that the inflated peripheral dimension and physical properties of the tires met the requirements of design and corresponding national standards.

Material·Compounding

• HU Jinlong,JIN Zhenhuan,JIANG Wei,ZHANG Awei and PENG Jie
• Application of Domestic Star Branched BIIR in Inner Liner of All-steel Radial Tires

• 2025 Vol. (5): 0282-0286

  [Abstract](129)

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• Abstract:The application of domestic star branched brominated butyl rubber（BIIR） 2302S in the inner liner of all-steel radial tires.The results showed that replacing BIIR2302 with BIIR2302S in the inner liner compound，the Mooney viscosity of the compound decreased，the scorch time extended，the processing performance was improved，and physical properties slightly decreased，the air tightness performancee was improved significantly at room temperature and was quite at high temperature，the Payne effect and the loss factor（tanδ） at 60 ℃ was reduced，and the durability of the finished tire improved.When BIIR2302S was used to replace BIIR2302 and the amount of cyclic oil used was reduced by 2 phr，the processing performance of the compound did not changed significantly，the physical properties of the vulcanizate were equivalent，and the air tightness performance was further improved，the Payne effect and tanδ at 60 ℃ were further reduced.

• JIAN Haibo and WU Xiaoyu
• Influence of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes on Properties of Tread Compound of All-steel Truck and Bus Radial Tire

• 2025 Vol. (5): 0287-0290

  [Abstract](117)

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• Abstract:The influence of single-walled carbon nanotubes（SWCNTs） on the properties of high silica filled tread compound of all-steel truck and bus radial tire was studied.The results showed that，with the increase of SWCNTs dosage，the t10 and t50 of the compound of the small combined experiment were shortened，the conductivity was significantly enhanced，100% tensile stress，300% tensile stress and tear strength were increased，the tensile strength and elongation at break were decreased，and DIN abrasion，Akron abrasion and internal heat build-up were all decreased.The Mooney viscosity of the compound of the big combined experiment was increased，Fmax，density and hardness were changed little，and t10，t50 and t90 were shortened.The test results of the finished tire showed that when the amount of SWCNTs was increased from 0 phr to 1 phr，the external temperature of the tire tread and the accumulated running time of the durability test were decreased significantly，after that，continuing to increase the amount of SWCNTs，the external temperature and durability of the tire were changed little.

• YU Tuanqing,HUANG Jingjing,HUANG Xu,GUO Lizi,LIN Jie,HUANG Tingting,WANG Yujie and OU Jiawei
• Application of Carbon Black Coupling Agent SL-9330 in Tread Compound of All-steel Giant Off-The-Road Radial Tire

• 2025 Vol. (5): 0291-0295

  [Abstract](118)

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• Abstract:The application of carbon black coupling agent SL-9330 in the tread compound of all-steel giant off-the-road radial tire was studied.The results showed that by adding carbon black coupling agent SL-9330 in the tread compound，the Mooney viscosity of the compound increased，the F_{maxt10 and t90 shortened，the dispersibility of carbon black improved and the processability was better.The modulus and tensile strength of the vulcanizate increased，the heat build-up decreased，and the wear resistance was comparable，but the cutting resistance slightly decreased.}

• MA Delong,WANG Caipeng,WANG Yanting,MENG Xiangke,ZHAO Hongxia,WEI Chuangyi,XIA Yu,PAN Linlin and MENG Qingyong
• Application of Adhesive RA65C in Carcass Ply Compound of Truck and Bus Radial Tire

• 2025 Vol. (5): 0296-0299

  [Abstract](108)

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• Abstract:the application of adhesive RA65C instead of adhesive RA65 in carcass ply compound of truck and bus radial tire was studied.The results showed that，compared with the compound adhesive RA65，F_max－F_Lof the compound with dhesive RA65C decreased，stress at given elongation and tensile strength increased，hardness and elongation at break changed little，and heat aging resistance were similar，the initial adhesion force increased，the rolling resistance increased slighty，the compound demonstrated excellent cut resistance property.

• MA Xiuju,FU Youjian,WANG Yan,LIU Yongqiang,DONG Jianyun and LI Chongbing
• Comparison of Application Performance of Different Processing Aids in Silica Filled Tread Compound

• 2025 Vol. (5): 0300-0304

  [Abstract](122)

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• Abstract:The application performance of four fatty acid zinc salt processing aids（Aktiplast T，Aktiplast GT，Aktiplast ST and DST-100F） in the silica filled tread compound was studied contrastively.The results showed that the ash content of processing aids Aktiplast ST and DST-100F was higher，but the zinc oxide content was lower.The physical properties and dynamic mechanical properties of the compounds with the four processing aids were basically equivalent，but the compound using the processing aid Aktiplast GT had the lowest Mooney viscosity and the weakest Payne effect，indicating good processability.

• DONG Jianhua,WANG Yawei,SHAN Zhen,LIU Qiang,LI Wanshun and WU Xia
• Application of Molykil in the Sidewall of All-steel Truck and Bus Radial Tire

• 2025 Vol. (5): 0305-0309

  [Abstract](106)

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• Abstract:The application of Molykil TM-80 in the sidewall of all-steel truck and bus radial tire was studied.The results showed that reducing the amount of cyclohexane oil and protective wax by 1 phr each in the sidewall rubber formula，and adding 1.5 phr of Molykil TM-80，resulted in better flowability of the rubber material with little change in physical properties.The discoloration and blackening of the finished tire sidewall were basically solved.

Technology · Equipment

• TAN Yun,HONG Jian,LIU Jinlong,ZHANG Sixi,DONG Jianhua and LIU Lei
• Study on Influencing Factors of Surface Self Adhesiveness of Steel Cord Fabric for All-steel Truck and Bus Radial Tire

• 2025 Vol. (5): 0310-0313

  [Abstract](129)

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• Abstract:The factors affecting the surface self adhesiveness of steel cord fabric in all-steel radial tire was studied，and the surface self adhesiveness of steel cord fabric was quantified by using the 21° inclined groove ball method.The results showed that adding 1.5 phr of super tackifying resin to the compound formula，the rolling process line speed was less than 25 m·min^-1，and the rolling temperature was below 100 ℃，the surface self-adhesiveness of the steel cord fabric was improved.The rolled steel cord fabric adopted a double-layer polyethylene isolation film bonding process and was stored in a closed environment could effectively maintain the stability of its surface self-adhesiveness.

Test·Analysis

• LI Wei and LI Ziran
• Influence of Different Hyperelastic Constitutive Models on Vibration Modal of Radial Tires

• 2025 Vol. (5): 0314-0317

  [Abstract](96)

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• Abstract:For 205/55R16 tire，the influences of different hyperelastic constitutive models on the vibration modals of radial tires were studied.The results showed that the fitting effect on the stress-strain curve of tire compounds using Binomial model was good，while the fitting effects using Neo Hooke model and Yeoh model were worse.The vibration frequency of the tire using Binomial model was closest to the test results，while the vibration frequencies of the tire using Neo Hooke model and Yeoh model were different significantly from the test results.The accuracy of the vibration modal analysis results of the tire was closely related to the accuracy of the fitting results on the stress-strain curve of compounds using the hyperelastic constitutive models.

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• 2025 Vol. (5): 0269-0269

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• 2025 Vol. (5): 0269-0269

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• 2025 Vol. (5): 0273-0273

  [Abstract](97)

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• wanghong
• “江昕轮胎杯”第23届中国轮胎技术研讨会 在南京成功举办

• 2025 Vol. (5): 0318-0318

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